Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

Research has found that visuals can improve learning, but only if they illustrate the point you are making. In 7, you will sketch the appropriate graphics for each slide by focusing on the slide headlines, and then in 8, you will add the speci c graphics. Because you choose only graphics that relate to the speci c point at hand, the graphics tell a major part of the story as they communicate information through the visual channel in sync with your verbal explanation. This makes effective use of working memory by using both the visual and verbal channels, rather than just the verbal channel alone. It also ensures that working memory is not distracted by graphics that don t relate speci cally to the information at hand. Likewise, the slide background contains no extraneous information that would add more cognitive load. The simple elements of a BBP slide work together to guide the complete presentation experience. First the audience members quickly digest the headline, then they view the simple graphic that illustrates the headline, and then they turn their attention to the verbal explanation of the speaker. The result is an engaging multimedia experience that balances visual and verbal elements and contributes to meaningful understanding.

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In the last section you put together a basic Web application that allowed you to create, edit, list, and delete diary entries. You used scaffolding, which let you put a whole, working application together with no coding effort required. In this section, you re going to look at what the scaffolding generated, how it works, and how you can extend the application with your own methods and views.

The first example (raise Exception) raises a generic exception with no information of what went wrong. In the last two examples, I added the error message hyperdrive overload. As you can see, the two forms raise class, message and raise class(message) are equivalent; both raise an exception with the given error message. There are many built-in classes available. You can find a description of all of them in the Python Library Reference, in the section Built-in Exceptions. You can also explore them yourself with the interactive interpreter; they are all found in the module exceptions, for your convenience (as well as in the built-in namespace). To list the contents of a module, you can use the dir function, which is described in 10: >>> import exceptions >>> dir(exceptions) ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', ...] In your interpreter, this list will be quite a lot longer I ve deleted most of the names in the interest of legibility. All of these exceptions can be used in your raise statements: >>> raise ArithmeticError Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ArithmeticError Table 8-1 describes some of the most important built-in exceptions. Table 8-1. Some Built-in Exceptions

The first URL you accessed within your application was http://localhost/entries/list. This URL takes you to the entries controller s list method. Let s look in app/controllers/ entries_controller.rb to find it:

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class EntriesController < ApplicationController def index list render :action => 'list' end # GETs should be safe (see http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/whenToUseGet.html) verify :method => :post, :only => [ :destroy, :create, :update ], :redirect_to => { :action => :list } def list @entry_pages, @entries = paginate :entries, :per_page => 10 end def show @entry = Entry.find(params[:id]) end def new @entry = Entry.new

end def create @entry = Entry.new(params[:entry]) if @entry.save flash[:notice] = 'Entry was successfully created.' redirect_to :action => 'list' else render :action => 'new' end end def edit @entry = Entry.find(params[:id]) end def update @entry = Entry.find(params[:id]) if @entry.update_attributes(params[:entry]) flash[:notice] = 'Entry was successfully updated.' redirect_to :action => 'show', :id => @entry else render :action => 'edit' end end def destroy Entry.find(params[:id]).destroy redirect_to :action => 'list' end end

It s not easy to see where the presenter intends to guide attention in the conventional PowerPoint slide shown in Figure 2-20 the slide contains so much information, it s hard to know where to look. Such a busy slide assumes that viewers have the time and the working memory capacity to read through all the material as they might with a written document all while they are listening to you speak. As described earlier in the discussion of the dual-channels theory, it is easy for too much material on this slide to split the attention of the audience between screen and presenter or to impair learning by using both on-screen text and narration to explain the same information.

This code shows that Ruby controllers are implemented as classes that inherit from ApplicationController (which is found in app/controllers/application.rb and in turn inherits from ActionController::Base), which in turn inherits from a core Rails class, ActionController::Base. When a user tries to access the list method of the entries controller, control is delegated to the list method (or action) in the EntriesController class, shown on its own here:

Exception AttributeError IOError IndexError KeyError NameError SyntaxError TypeError ValueError ZeroDivisionError